Descartes’ Mind and Body Distinction - 817 Words

Descartes’ Mind/Body Distinction This paper will attempt to explain Descartes’ first argument for the distinction that exists between mind and body. Dualism is a necessary aspect of Descartes’ metaphysics and epistemology. This distinction is important within the larger framework of Meditations on First Philosophy (1641) because after doubting everything (body, extension, senses, etc.), Descartes comes to the conclusion that because he doubts, he must be a thinking thing and therefore exist (p.43). This means that the mind must be separate and independent from the body. One can doubt that the body exists while leaving the mind intact. To doubt that the mind exists, however, is contradictory. For if the mind does not exist, how, or with what, is that doubt being accomplished. Descartes’ argument for mind/body dualism can be simply stated in the following manner: 1. I have a clear and distinct idea of myself as a thinking thing. 2. I have a clear and distinct idea of body, whose essence is extension. 3. I can conceive of mind separate and independent of body. C. Mind and body are distinct and separate things (p. 64). Descartes has set this argument up with previous discussion earlier in the Meditations. This being so, a discussion of each premise is necessary to see how Descartes arrives at the formulation of this argument. Premise 1 is the foundational point that the first couple books in the Meditations serve in reaching. Descartes sets out to doubt everything, andShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Descartes On The Mind-Body Distinction751 Words   |  4 PagesAssignment Descartes on the Mind-Body Distinction In the Sixth Mediation, Descartes advances a compact argument for the idea that the mind and the body are distinct (2006, AT 78). In this essay, I’m going to present what I take Descartes’ argument to be, and very briefly evaluate it afterwards. Descartes starts with the thought the we can understand, at least, something, and we can understand something in a specific manner: clearly and distinctly; we can’t be wrong, according to Descartes, about thingsRead MoreDescartes’ Arguments for the Real Distinction of Mind and Body1154 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes’ Arguments for the Real Distinction of Mind and Body Descartes argues has three main arguments for minds and bodies being two different distinct types of substance. These are known as arguments for substance dualism and are as follows. * The Argument from doubt : Descartes argues that while he could pretend or think that he had no body and therefore did not exist in any place, he could not think or pretend he had no mind, as merely having aRead MoreDescartes on the Distinction Between Body and Mind1181 Words   |  5 PagesName Tutor Course Date Descartes Premise for Distinguishing Body and Mind In the Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes discusses the nature of the body and mind. By drawing from three lines of thought, Descartes launches a powerful premise that the body is something distinct from the mind. He conceptualizes his argument by using the uncertainty of knowledge argument, appealing to God’s omnipotence, and describing the indivisibility of the body and mind. Therefore, the purpose of this paperRead More Analysis of Descartes’ Mind/Body Distinction Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesPhilosophy, Descartes states â€Å"I have a clear and distinct idea of myself, in as far as I am only a thinking and unextended thing, and as, on the other hand, I possess a distinct idea of body, in as far as it is only an extended and unthinking thing†. [1] The concept that the mind is an intangible, thinking entity while the body is a tangible entity not capable of thought is known as Cartesian Dualism. The purpose of this essay is to examine how Descartes tries to prove that the mind or soul is, inRead MoreHow Successful Are Descartes Arguments for the Real Distinction of Mind from Body?1659 Words   |  7 PagesHow successful are Descartes arguments for the real distinction of mind from body? Upon which problem would you put the most weight? Descartes says the mind is distinct from the body, or anything physical for that matter. He says, a thinking substance is nonphysical or spiritual in nature (mind), and an extended substance is physical, but not capable of consciousness or thought (body). However, this very claim is also his biggest problem as his mind Ââ€" body interaction has many critics and toRead MoreDescartes: Knowledge is Truth Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesDescartes: Knowledge is Truth With the emergence of the scientific revolution in the 17th century, views of society and nature were transformed throughout Europe. There were great developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry. The world and its views were changing, and with that change, came a new change in thought, a new change in philosophy. Apart from ancient Greek philosophy, which was centered on finding order in a vast variety of things by searching for a fundamentalRead MoreThe Mind / Brain Identity Theory1718 Words   |  7 PagesA person relates to the world through different mental and corporeal experiences. The former is associated with one having a (non-physical) mind, which contains beliefs, desires, feelings and so on, while the latter involves having a (physical) brain. The Mind/Body problem questions whether the mind and brain are the same or different objects. For a long time, the interpretation of these experiences has been much debated by philosophers and scientists. One influential interpretation is Descartes’sRead MoreRene Descartes: Cartesian Dualism Essay example1625 Words   |  7 Pageslasting legacies of Rene Descartes’ philosophy. He argues that the mind and body operate as separate entities able to exist without one another. That is, the mind is a thinking, non-extended entity and the body is non-thinking and extended. His belief elicited a debate over the nature of the mind and body that has spanned centuries, a debate that is still vociferously argued today. In this essay, I will try and tackle Descartes claim and come to some conclusion as to whether Descartes is correct to sayRead MoreThe Theory Of The Mind And Matter1023 Words   |  5 PagesMind Matter Gilbert Ryle’s writing Descartes Myth provides a challenge to the â€Å"official theory† of the mind. The â€Å"official theory† of the mind is defined as the separation of the mind and body. Ryle describes the separation of the mind and body as the mind existing apart from the physical world and the body existing in the world. He writes that the two entities, the mind and body, combine to create a person. The â€Å"official theory† of the mind views the mind as private to the individual, meaningRead MoreDescartes Meditations On First Philosophy1536 Words   |  7 Pagesof course. But what is a man?† (Descartes 340). This question that Descartes addresses in Meditations on First Philosophy is important because it outlines his core philosophical view in his work. His philosophy primarily focuses on dualism, which is the concept that there is another world that exists with ideal forms and is separate from the world of perception. The part of dualism that Descartes focuses his work on is the distinction between the soul and the body. His perception of what makes up

Cultural competency in Nursong Care - 1684 Words

Cultural Competency in Nursing Care Dorcas Jacobs Grand Canyon University: NRS 429V Family Centered Health Promotion September 29, 2013 Cultural Competency in Nursing Care As the United States becomes more and more culturally diverse one cannot help but be exposed to various cultures and worldviews. America has long been called the melting pot, and that term has never been truer than it is today. According to Green and Reinckens (2013) the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that by the year 2041 the U.S. population will be a majority minority. In other words, less than half of the population will be non-Hispanic, single race Caucasian. This growing diversity makes cultural competence in healthcare a necessary†¦show more content†¦We will consider three families of differing cultural heritage, and explore how each of these cultures influences perceptions of health care. The first family interviewed consists of a husband, wife, and two elementary aged daughters who came to the U.S. from Nigeria five years ago. The marriage was arranged between the husband’s father and siblings and the wife’s parents. Because of the great sense of community in this culture, the residents of the couple’s two villages also had to agree to the marriage. It was clear to this author that family and community relationships are highly valued in this family, and great emphasis is placed on valuing the opinions of, and deferring to elders. In Nigeria, health maintenance or protection is not highly considered, yet the residents of the villages generally have excellent health with very few incidents of the chronic diseases we face in the U.S. The reason for this relates to the physical activity involved in daily life, such as walking great distances, and manual labor working in the fields. Another reason for the health of the community is the diet they eat . Each family grows fresh vegetables and fruits. Beans are a primary source of protein, and meat is a special treat that is consumed only a few times per year. Processed or sugary foods are not a part of the diet. As a matter of fact the wife mentioned

Drawing on the Work of Descartes, Hume and Kant, Write Essay Example For Students

Drawing on the Work of Descartes, Hume and Kant, Write Essay Ever since the times of Plato and Aristotle, it has been agreed by philosophers that the conscious power to act outside Of the laws Of nature is the defining criteria for a human Ewing. We have the innate ability to act outside Of the factors Of appetite and passion which Plato explored; the decision to consciously disregard our desire, and fulfill our moral duty. If we display the ability to not simply postpone the desire through prudence and fear of external factors, but to act completely uninfluenced by them, then we show truly human characteristics. We must create our own moral law, a state of rules and regulations which are pure enough to exist in the world of the forms. It is from this foundation that we may begin to base our duty and moral ideals through rationality, exempt from the physical world. This search for true knowledge is a theme which Emmanuel Kant explored in meticulous detail: Kant conception of morality is firmly rooted in reason, and it is a departure from other accounts which claim that morality must be based on sentiment or even the consequences of action. For Kant, doing the right thing is not a matter of ones character or disposition or circumstances all of which are or might be beyond ones control. (Stateroom, J and Graver, J 2008) We must constantly strive to make the right decision not in terms of personal gain, but in terms of morality. Act only on that maxim whereby you can at the same time ill that it should become universal law. (Kant peg. 87) Cants theory Vass influenced by a culmination of previous philosophies, including those of Rene Descartes and David Hum. Incidentally, Descartes and Hums thoughts on human characteristics took completely opposing sides. For Descartes the process Of rational thought was the only method Of understanding the world around us. This rational thought promoted by the Greek Philosophers in ancient times and revivalists by the Copernican revolution, was utilized by Descartes in his own mathematical way to dilute knowledge to the point of essence. Using this hysteretic scrutinizing everything supposedly known about the physical world, only one entity remained, that of thought. l think therefore am (peg. 87) therefore declares that when all of the factors are simplified in Descartes mathematical way, what remains is the power of consciousness, if nothing else. Therefore the power of rational thought goes hand in hand with decision making outside of reason, as it is the only thing which exists independent of the laws of the physical world. Hum on the other hand developed thoughts on empiricism. In his opinion knowledge 3 priori: assembled from a mental catalogue Of experiences, disgorged in our minds, and used to piece together complex ideals and morals. Our ideas are quite simply not our own, but belong to our senses and the world around us. In this way we can begin to connect events with their causes, using our senses and basic instincts simply a reaction to stimuli. Furthermore we are simply an object which is totally susceptible to causality, a member of a constant chain of events which the world consists of. It appears that Hum has categorized the human being as nothing more than a simple computer, with the ability to create a collage of reprogrammed ideals, but unable to generate their own. In order to practice our decisions out of reason we must act outside of experiences: prove that we as humans are much more than the consequences of an action. .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 , .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 .postImageUrl , .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 , .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941:hover , .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941:visited , .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941:active { border:0!important; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941:active , .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941 .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uce72655dd1f1d6c7aa74e78296d9e941:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Women at Work EssayWe must demonstrate the capacity to cause a series of events, and act on the categorical imperative. In order to succeed as human sociably we must develop our own critique of practical reason. In other words, we must make decisions on the basis of what we ought to do, not have to do. Fifth human being based his/her decisions on unavailabilitys then society would be very close to its ideal form which eve can only imagine. Above all we must attempt to break the computer stereotype which David Hum so indifferently created.

Water shortage free essay sample

There are more than one hundred countries face different levels of fresh water shortage, and thirty years later there will be 28 to 33 hundred billion people have shortages of water. People lived in fresh water shortage countries cannot even have water to keep them alive. Because of the fresh water shortage, people lived near the southern Sahara desert abandoned farmland, and 200,000 people died from that. Africa, Asia, North American, Europe, South America and Australia have different levels of stress on river basins, so that basically eans these places are already having fresh water shortage or have more risk to face fresh water shortage. As the fresh water shortage is getting worse, people should know what the problems are, what the causes are and try to solve them. Many people may not feel any fresh water shortage in their life because they did not have any experience of it, but fresh water is still a life-or-death issue in many places in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Water shortage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are currently one out of sixty people in the world cannot have safe drinking water, which means that there are 1. 1 billion people waiting for clean drinking water every day. Safe drinking water shortage results in 6,000 people are getting killed every day. In addition there are 3 billion people without access to clean water sanitation, and half of hospitals in the world were full of patients suffering from various diseases. There are 2. 2 million people a year dead of lack of water or dirty water-borne diseases. The distribution of water in the world is not even, so that leads some people who did not feel water shortage waste water. For example, people lived in water-rich place can take a 25 minutes shower, but there are still billions of people do not have water to drink. After all of these horrible statistics, the facts are although in some places have fresh water resources, they might still suffer from water shortage. Because how to save, use and distribute water recourses can determine the satisfaction of family, farm, industrial and environmental needs. Meanwhile, population growth, urbanization and increased domestic and industrial water consumption are deteriorating the situation. China and Africa are both facing water shortages, but the causes of water shortage are different. Although there is a great amount of water resources in Africa, Africa still facing serious water shortage ecause of the poor management and use of water. For some African countries, the lack of water has challenging their lives. Latitude, climate and precipitation are the majority reasons that cause African water shortage. In some African area, each households daily water consumption is only 40-50 liters, but in the United States, the water consumption per household can up to 700 liters per day. In southern Africa, only 51% of their populations can use drinkable water. For now, Africas population is growing at an annual rate of 2. 4%. Africas water shortage will still be a serious issue. China has a total of 2. trillion cubic meters of freshwater resources, which is 6% of global water resources, and it ranking fourth in the world, but because of the huge amount of population, China only have 2,200 cubic meters per capita, which is only 25% of the world average. Due to Chinas rapidly increasing demand for water in urban and industrial areas, China will be in a water shortage situation in a long time. Although the water resource is very limited, people still overdratt ground water. Ground water is one of the most abundant resources in the earth, but if people pump it faster then it can seep in, the supply of groundwater will deplete and it will ead the water shortage. Another reason is water pollution. The water resource is already very limited, but water pollution is still a threat. In South China, a whole river is too polluted to drink. The waste of water is also one of the major reasons. Different causes lead to China and Africas water shortage, and there are some solutions to them. Because freshwater resources on land are only 2. 53% of the total amount of waters on earth, and most of them are mainly in the North and South Polar Regions of solid ice. While scientists are studying glaciers using method, under the present conditions it is still impossible to use. As for some practical solutions that everyone can take, first people should be educated to change consumption and lifestyles. This solution can apply from individual use to some major company like GE. Next, recycle wastewater is a good solution. Some countries, like Singapore, are trying to recycle to cut water imports and become more self-sufficient. The rich East Asian republic is a leader in developing advanced technology that cleanses wastewater for other uses, including drinking. Because 70 percent of the worlds freshwater is used for agriculture, so improve irrigation and agricultural practices can also make a big step f saving freshwater. After all, saving freshwater shortage is still a big challenge, and people also need some upcoming advanced technology to save the world. Anyway, people did something to destroy the water they have, so water will pay back. Everyone should regard water shortage as a serious issue, and everyone should take the responsibilities to save water. Water shortage is a global issue, and everyone lives in the earth should realized how serious this problem is. People should be more educated to take the responsibilities. We can start from something simple, like decrease the purchase of bottled water, or reduce the shower time. Water shortage free essay sample Fresh water shortage is a global issue. There are more than one hundred countries face different levels of fresh water shortage, and thirty years later there will be 28 to 33 hundred billion people have shortages of water. People lived in fresh water shortage countries cannot even have water to keep them alive. Because of the fresh water shortage, people lived near the southern Sahara desert abandoned farmland, and 200,000 people died from that. Africa, Asia, North American, Europe, South America and Australia have different levels of stress on river basins, so that basically means these places are already having fresh water shortage or have more risk to face fresh water shortage. As the fresh water shortage is getting worse, people should know what the problems are, what the causes are and try to solve them. Many people may not feel any fresh water shortage in their life because they did not have any experience of it, but fresh water is still a life-or-death issue in many places in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Water shortage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are currently one out of sixty people in the world cannot have safe drinking water, which means that there are 1. 1 billion people waiting for clean drinking water every day. Safe drinking water shortage results in 6,000 people are getting killed every day. In addition there are 3 billion people without access to clean water sanitation, and half of hospitals in the world were full of patients suffering from various diseases. There are 2. 2 million people a year dead of lack of water or dirty water-borne diseases. The distribution of water in the world is not even, so that leads some people who did not feel water shortage waste water. For example, people lived in water-rich place can take a 25 minutes shower, but there are still billions of people do not have water to drink. After all of these horrible statistics, the facts are although in some places have fresh water resources, they might still suffer from water shortage. Because how to save, use and distribute water recourses can determine the satisfaction of family, farm, industrial and environmental needs. Meanwhile, population growth, urbanization and increased domestic and industrial water consumption are deteriorating the situation. China and Africa are both facing water shortages, but the causes of water shortage are different. Although there is a great amount of water resources in Africa, Africa still facing serious water shortage because of the poor management and use of water. For some African countries, the lack of water has challenging their lives. Latitude, climate and precipitation are the majority reasons that cause African water shortage. In some African area, each households daily water consumption is only 40-50 liters, but in the United States, the water consumption per household can up to 700 liters per day. In southern Africa, only 51% of their populations can use drinkable water. For now, Africas population is growing at an annual rate of 2. 4%. Africa’s water shortage will still be a serious issue. China has a total of 2. 8 trillion cubic meters of freshwater resources, which is 6% of global water resources, and it ranking fourth in the world, but because of the huge amount of population, China only have 2,200 cubic meters per capita, which is only 25% of the world average. Due to Chinas rapidly increasing demand for water in urban and industrial areas, China will be in a water shortage situation in a long time. Although the water resource is very limited, people still overdraft ground water. Ground water is one of the most abundant resources in the earth, but if people pump it faster then it can seep in, the supply of groundwater will deplete and it will lead the water shortage. Another reason is water pollution. The water resource is already very limited, but water pollution is still a threat. In South China, a whole river is too polluted to drink. The waste of water is also one of the major reasons. Different causes lead to China and Africa’s water shortage, and there are some solutions to them. Because freshwater resources on land are only 2. 53% of the total amount of waters on earth, and most of them are mainly in the North and South Polar Regions of solid ice. While scientists are studying glaciers using method, under the present conditions it is still impossible to use. As for some practical solutions that everyone can take, first people should be educated to change consumption and lifestyles. This solution can apply from individual use to some major company like GE. Next, recycle wastewater is a good solution. Some countries, like Singapore, are trying to recycle to cut water imports and become more self-sufficient. The rich East Asian republic is a leader in developing advanced technology that cleanses wastewater for other uses, including drinking. Because 70 percent of the worlds freshwater is used for agriculture, so improve irrigation and agricultural practices can also make a big step of saving freshwater. After all, saving freshwater shortage is still a big challenge, and people also need some upcoming advanced technology to save the world. Anyway, people did something to destroy the water they have, so water will pay back. Everyone should regard water shortage as a serious issue, and everyone should take the responsibilities to save water. Water shortage is a global issue, and everyone lives in the earth should realized how serious this problem is. People should be more educated to take the responsibilities. We can start from something simple, like decrease the purchase of bottled water, or reduce the shower time. Water Shortage free essay sample Water shortage problem is when humans or living creatures suffer from a scarcity of water another definition for water shortage is either the lack of enough water or lack of access to safe water and it happens because of the dreadful use of water and polluting rivers, oceans and lakes. Water is the reason for our existence; Water everywhere on the planet is a basic part of the global hydrologic cycle, its a finite resource. The amount of water supply in the global hydrologic cycle does not increase. Humans share the Earth with other creatures who also need water to live and survive, so water shortage is not only a problem for humans only but also against wildlife and nature. Many countries around the world are suffering from a water shortage problem. We will write a custom essay sample on Water Shortage or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This paper will contain analyzing this problem, the causes of water shortage and its effects on our life, and a solution that will help us avoid and overcome the water shortage problem. All the living creatures on Earth need water to live. However, humans pollute and waste it carelessly. A standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and his family (Article 25, Universal Declaration of Human Rights) more than a fifth of the world’s inhabitants dont have enough of it. The problem of water accessibility is most serious in Africa and West Asia. If water use continues at its current rate, by 2025 two out of three people will not have enough water for their necessary requirements. First, the population growth is a major cause for the water shortage since, the world population tripled during the 20th century according to the World Water Council; this huge population growth has over-stretched the available fresh water resources leading the world to water scarcity. According to the UK government’s chief scientist by 2030, world population is expected to hit 8. billion causing a 30 percent increase in the demand for fresh drinking water a resource that is already in short supply for about a third of the world’s people. Climate change will complicate things even further, and in unpredictable ways. Second, the agriculture is another cause of water shortage, it is the largest industry in the world and it is threatening to our environment. Inefficient food production and harmful agriculture subsidies are causing deforestation, water shortages and pollution. The lack of sustainable agriculture harms the environment by sucking out rivers, lakes and underground water sources dry, washing pollutants in rivers destroy ecosystems such as corals and breeding grounds for fish in coastal areas. According to the International Water Management Institute, agriculture, which is responsible for about 70% of global water shortage, is continuously opposing with domestic, industrial and environmental uses for a scarce water supply. Third, the climate change is another reason for water shortage on the other hand; water scarcity is expected to become an ever-increasing problem in the future however, Climate change will have a major impact on the remaining water supplies in the coming decades, its some scientists believe that global warming is a great cause for water shortage, they said that a rise in temperature in the mountainous regions make a mix between rainfall and snowfall, with more rain and less snow, this change means more flooding during the rainy season but also less water kept as snow on the mountains during the dry season. This means that during the dry season in which we need more water, we will have less water and during the rainy season which we dont need water as much, we will have more water that will cause floods. Fourth, industrial wastes and pollution of water are another two main reasons for shortage of water; they are as harmful as agriculture and reckless irrigation for causing a water shortage problem. Industrial wastes are dumped by factories and facilities in fresh water resources such as lakes and rivers, it contains mercury and lead which are very harmful and may cause serious diseases for humans if they drank from this water. Pollution of water is either caused by people themselves; they throw garbage into fresh water resources making it unacceptable for drinking or in the developing countries, sewage is dumped into rivers which are sometimes considered as fresh water resources. A solution for water shortage had been discussed over the past years, many scientists and civil engineers used to have standard solutions for water scarcity by building more dams, desalination of seas and oceans water and building pipelines that bring water from humid areas to dry ones. These technological solutions werent very effective in fact the water demand increased and they are also very expensive in the ecological and economic environment. In my opinion, I think we should ask ourselves how to decrease the demand on water? instead of asking how can we provide new water resources and supplies? in order to achieve a response for water scarcity and try to save the water resources that we have left before its too late. There are many ways we can apply to decrease the water demand such as educating the society to change their behavior of consuming water, Improving the irrigation and agricultural behaviors, Recycling wastewater, putting an approximate price to water, developing efficient desalination plants, putting regulations and rules by the government to punish anyone who commits a crime against water, and finally controlling the population growth. In this way we will achieve cheaper and easier solution for solving the water scarcity and controlling the water demand. Government has the most important role for applying and achieving this solution; its responsible for carrying out the solution to the public and society. In the end we concluded that water shortage is a very serious problem that may be the reason for the extinction of the human race. Everyone must cooperate with the government and countries must cooperate with each other to achieve this solution and save the next generations from suffering.

Free Essays on Control Through Coercive Persuasion

CONTROL THROUGH COERCIVE PERSUASION How does one define control? Webster’s dictionary defines control as â€Å"to exercise restraining or directing influence over† or to regulate and rule. (Merriam-Webster’s p. 252) There are many methods of control used by people and organizations. Propaganda and persuasion are two methods of exerting influence over an individual or group of people. A more systematic and powerful method of persuasion is coercive persuasion. â€Å"Coercive persuasion and thought reform are alternate names for programs of social influence capable of producing substantial behavior and attitude change through the use of coercive tactics, persuasion, and/or interpersonal and group-based influence manipulations â€Å"(Ofshe, p. 222) A coercive persuasion program is a behavioral change technology applied to cause the "learning" and "adoption" of a set of behaviors or an ideology under certain conditions. Coercive persuasion is not a religious ritual, it is a control device. Through coercive persuasion, a more powerful method of control can be applied. This type of persuasion is typically applied by cults but is not limited to them. (Dolan 2000; Singer 1987) There is instinctive human need to belong to a group. (Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2001) Most people generally perceive cults as religious organizations. Cults can be defined as â€Å"Groups with religious, political, psychological, and other ideologies at their core, which almost universally offer as their central theme a special new psychological awareness handed down by an indisputable and arbitrary authority that uses the technique of thought reform (intense indoctrination or re-socialization, coercive persuasion brainwashing.† (Singer, p. 1467) Cults share similarities to everyday social groups like work, school and family. â€Å"Cults use the same persuasion tactics often used by other propagandists; cults just us them in a more thorough and complete... Free Essays on Control Through Coercive Persuasion Free Essays on Control Through Coercive Persuasion CONTROL THROUGH COERCIVE PERSUASION How does one define control? Webster’s dictionary defines control as â€Å"to exercise restraining or directing influence over† or to regulate and rule. (Merriam-Webster’s p. 252) There are many methods of control used by people and organizations. Propaganda and persuasion are two methods of exerting influence over an individual or group of people. A more systematic and powerful method of persuasion is coercive persuasion. â€Å"Coercive persuasion and thought reform are alternate names for programs of social influence capable of producing substantial behavior and attitude change through the use of coercive tactics, persuasion, and/or interpersonal and group-based influence manipulations â€Å"(Ofshe, p. 222) A coercive persuasion program is a behavioral change technology applied to cause the "learning" and "adoption" of a set of behaviors or an ideology under certain conditions. Coercive persuasion is not a religious ritual, it is a control device. Through coercive persuasion, a more powerful method of control can be applied. This type of persuasion is typically applied by cults but is not limited to them. (Dolan 2000; Singer 1987) There is instinctive human need to belong to a group. (Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology, 2001) Most people generally perceive cults as religious organizations. Cults can be defined as â€Å"Groups with religious, political, psychological, and other ideologies at their core, which almost universally offer as their central theme a special new psychological awareness handed down by an indisputable and arbitrary authority that uses the technique of thought reform (intense indoctrination or re-socialization, coercive persuasion brainwashing.† (Singer, p. 1467) Cults share similarities to everyday social groups like work, school and family. â€Å"Cults use the same persuasion tactics often used by other propagandists; cults just us them in a more thorough and complete...

An Interpretation of Langston Hughes Early Autumn

An Interpretation of Langston Hughes Early Autumn Langston Hughes (1902-1967) is best known for writing poems like The Negro Speaks of Rivers or Harlem. Hughes has also written plays, nonfiction, and short stories such as Early Autumn.  The latter originally appeared in the Chicago Defender on September  30, 1950, and was later included in his 1963 collection, Something in Common and Other Stories. It has also been featured  in a collection called The Short Stories of Langston Hughes, edited by Akiba Sullivan Harper. What Flash Fiction Is At fewer than 500 words, Early Autumn is yet another example of flash fiction written before anyone was using the term flash fiction.  Flash fiction is a very short and brief version of fiction that is generally a few hundred words or less as a whole. These types of stories are also known as sudden, micro, or quick fiction and can include elements of poetry or narrative.  Writing flash fiction can be done by using just a few characters, shortening a story, or starting in the middle of a plot.   With this analysis of the plot, a point of view, and other aspects of the story, the following will lead to a better understanding of Early Autumn.   A Plot Involving  Exes Two former lovers, Bill and Mary, cross paths in Washington Square in New York. Years have passed since they last saw each other. They exchange pleasantries about their jobs and their children, each of them perfunctorily inviting the others family to visit. When Marys bus arrives, she boards and is overwhelmed by all the things she has failed to say to Bill, both in the present moment (her address, for instance), and presumably, in life. The Story Begins With a Point of View of the Characters The narrative starts with a brief, neutral history of Bill and Marys relationship. Then, it moves to their current reunion, and the omniscient narrator gives us some details from each characters point of view. Almost the only thing Bill can think about is how old Mary looks. The audience is told, At first he did not recognize her, to him she looked so old. Later, Bill struggles to find something complimentary to say about Mary with, Youre looking very ... (he wanted to say old) well. Bill seems uncomfortable (a little frown came quickly between his eyes) to learn that Mary is living in New York now. Readers get the impression that he hasnt thought much about her in recent years and is not enthusiastic about having her back in his life in any way. Mary, on the other hand, seems to harbor affection for Bill, even though she was the one who left him and married a man she thought she loved. When she greets him, she lifts her face, as if wanting a kiss, but he just extends his hand. She seems disappointed to learn that Bill is married. Finally, in the last line of the story, readers learn that her youngest child is also named Bill, which indicates the extent of her regret for ever having left him. The Symbolism of the Early Autumn Title in the Story At first, it seems obvious that Mary is the one who is in her autumn. She looks noticeably old, and in fact, she is older than Bill. Autumn represents a time of loss, and Mary clearly feels a sense of loss as she desperately reach[es] back into the past. Her emotional loss is emphasized by the setting of the story. The day is almost over and its getting cold. Leaves fall inevitably from the trees, and throngs of strangers pass Bill and Mary as they talk. Hughes writes, A great many people went past them through the park. People they didnt know. Later, as Mary boards the bus, Hughes re-emphasizes the idea that Bill is irrevocably lost to Mary, just as the falling leaves are irrevocably lost to the trees from which they have fallen. People came between them outside, people crossing the street, people they didnt know. Space and people. She lost sight of Bill. The word early in the title is tricky. Bill too will be old one day, even if he cant see it at this moment. If Mary is undeniably in her autumn, Bill might not even recognize that he is in his early autumn. and he is the one most shocked by Marys aging. She takes him by surprise at a time in his life when he might have imagined himself immune to winter. A Spark of Hope and Meaning in a Turning Point of the Story Overall, Early Autumn feels sparse, like a tree nearly bare of leaves. The characters are at a loss for words, and readers can feel it. There is one moment in the story that feels noticeably different from the rest: Suddenly the lights came on up the whole length of Fifth Avenue, chains of misty brilliance in the blue air. This sentence marks a turning point in many ways: First, it signals the end of Bill and Marys attempt at conversation, startling Mary into the present.If the lights symbolize truth or revelation, then their sudden brightness represents the irrefutable passage of time and the impossibility of ever recovering or re-doing the past. That the lights run the whole length of Fifth Avenue further emphasizes the completeness of this truth; there is no way to escape the passage of time.Its worth noting that the lights turn on right after Bill says, You ought to see my kids and grins. Its a surprisingly unguarded moment, and its the only expression of genuine warmth in the story. Its possible that his and Marys children might represent those lights, being the brilliant chains that link the past with an ever-hopeful future.

Quality tools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Quality tools - Research Paper Example To begin with, this model is a self-assessment framework (Benjamin, 2006). It is mainly used for evaluating strengths in an organization and it is used for assessing or measuring areas for improvement in an organization. This process cuts across every activity that the organization engages in. Excellence is a term used to emphasize on the focal point of the model. This model mainly targets to analyze the things that an organization does. These activities are the efforts that an organization in question may employ to provide excellent services and products to the market or to its customers. It originated from the private sector, but it is a model that all organizations; public, voluntary and every other organization can apply to improve its performance in terms of products and services. Studies designate that this classical is non-prescriptive; this means there are no strict rules set out to be followed in order to achieve quality results. It employees broad and coherent set of assump tions that reveals what the organization and the management needs to do to make up a good and reputable organization. Because of its simplicity, every organization can use its own methods to manage and create improvements. This calls for internal use of methods in assumptions rather than the use of external evaluators. The excellence model starts with the customer, outcomes, people outcomes, and society outcomes, it is suggested that his important results are achieved through leadership driven policy strategy. It is revealed that people, resource leading and partnership form the key to excellence in terms of performance and results. The figure above shows the various criteria and their interrelation. It also gives the two broad categories: the enabler and the results. The model is used on nine important criteria to achieve results. This are used to cover all actions of the society and the ideas are in two types; enabler and results. Through the enabler standards, this is alarmed wit h how the organization demeanors itself: how it manages its capitals and its employees. This also gives information about how the organization lays out its strategies by reviewing its key process (Hansen, 2010). The key process is people, leadership, procedures, companies, incomes and every model aims to accomplish outcomes. The results are revealed after employing this model are the results of the quality tool use. The results involve the level of gratification among the employees, clients, and the impact on the larger community, while touching on the functioning signs. The organization more often begins by gathering evidence or relevant information about every criterion. For instance, questions may be direct to ask how good the organization is and the variation goes from one organization to another. There many benefits realized when EFQM is employed in an organization to improve quality. Firstly, excellent model provides a clear analysis of an organization`s activities, which beco mes useful for planning through links between the results and what the organization does. Through this model, it is possible to instill an organizational culture of continuous improvement. In addition, the model is a holistic framework addresses a wide range of organizational quality issues in a thorough manner